Πορτογαλική Ινδία, ιστορία γραμματοσήμων.

ΠΟΡΤΟΓΑΛΙΚΗ ΙΝΔΙΑ, ιστορία γραμματοσήμων.

Πορτογαλικές αποικίες στην Ινδία και Κεϋλάνη από το 1510-1961. Η πρώτη επαφή της εκμεταλλευτικής σχέσης συνδέεται με την ανακάλυψη του Βάσκο ντε Γκάμα στις 20-5-1498 της Κάλικουτ της Ινδίας μετά τον κατάπλου στο Νατάλ και την Μοζαμβίκη , τις ακτές της σημερινής Κένυας. Είμαστε στις αρχές του 16ου αιώνα επί βασιλείας Μανουέλ Α του Τυχερού, και η Πορτογαλία έφτασε στο απόγειο της δύναμής της. Οι αποικιοκράτες μοιράζονταν άλλοτε άλλες περιοχές κατά την διάρκεια 16-17-18ου αιώνα και το 1947 όταν ανεξαρτοποιήθει η Ινδία από την τότε Μεγάλη Βρετανία συναποτελείτο από την περιοχή Γκόα, και τις παραθαλάσσιες τοποθεσίες Daman, Diu, Darda ,και Nagar Haveli.
1853 . Δεκατρία χρόνια από την έκδοση του πρώτου γραμματοσήμου στο κόσμου (Αγγλία) και τέσσερα μετά την έκδοση του πρώτου γαλλικού, η Πορτογαλία εκδίδει τα πρώτα της γραμματόσημα τέσσερις αξίες στις οποίες αναπαράγεται η μορφή της βασίλισσας Μαρίας Β’ .
Το πρώτο ταχυδρομικό γραμματόσημο των Πορτογαλικών Ινδιών εκδόθηκε 1 Οκτώβρη 1871 για τοπική χρήση των αποικιών, των Πορτογαλικών Ινδιών. Το 1886 τα συνήθη εκδιδόμενα αρχίζουν να κυκλοφορούν και στις αποικίες.
1894. Εκδίδονται δεκατρία γραμματόσημα για τα 500 χρόνια από την γέννηση του Ντομ Ενρίκε Αβίς, δηλ του πρίγκιπα Ερρίκου του Θαλασσοπόρου (1394-1460)
1895. Στις 13 Ιούνη εκδίδονται δεκαπέντε γραμματόσημα για τον γιορτασμό των 700 χρόνων από τη γέννηση του Πορτογάλου φραγκισκανού αγίου Αντωνίου της Πάντοβας. Ολα αυτά έχουν στη πίσω όψη τους γραμμένη στα λατινικά για προσευχή του αγίου Μποναβεντούρα.
1898. Εκδίδονται οκτώ αξίες σε ανάμνηση των 400 χρόνων από την ανακάλυψη του Δρόμου των Ινδιών από τον Βάσκο ντε Γκάμα με την ένδειξη INDIA.
1914. Εκδίδονται 14 γραμματόσημα προηγουμένων ετών με την κόκκινη ένδειξη “REPUBLICA”
1946. Εκδίδονται οκτώ γραμματόσημα στα οποία απεικονίζονται οι μορφές ισάριθμων Πορτογάλων θαλασσοπόρων .St. Francis Xavier, Luis de Camoens, Garcia de Orta (γιατρός-φυσιοδίφης), Beato Joao Brito, Vice regal Archway, Alfonso de Albuquerque, Vasco de Gama, D. Francisco de Almeida.
1949. Οκτώ αξίες γραμματοσήμων αφιερωμένες στη Παναγιά Φάτιμα..
1952-3 Αναπαράγονται αξίες γραμματοσήμων με θέμα ιατρικό την Goa Medical School και τον γιατρό Dr. Gama Pinto.
Η τελευταία κανονική έκδοση έγινε στις 25 Ιούνη του 1960 για την 500η επέτειο από τον θάνατο του Πρίγκηπα Ερρίκου του Εξερευνητή. Γραμματόσημα από την Ινδία πρωτοχρησιμοποιήθηκαν 29-12-1961, αν και τα παλιά γραμματόσημα ήταν αποδεκτά μέχρι 5-1-1962. Η Πορτογαλία συνέχισε να εκδίδει σειρές για τα ταχυδρομικά γραφεία των αποικιών ως την πτώση της δικτατορίας του Σαλαζάρ αλλά αυτά δεν θεωρούνται νόμιμες εκδόσεις.
Οι φωτογραφίες είναι από την προσωπική συλλογή μου που περιλαμβάνει από τα έτη 1886-1957 194 τεμάχια.

ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟΣ 27-12-2007.

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Joy of Conor Christmas

Conor had a lot of fun this Christmas, not because of his autism, not despite his autism, he just had fun, just like any other kid at Christmas.





Conor enjoyed the snow and was pleased to get some Christmas fun gifts.





What's the point of stickers if you can't wear them on your hands?






Woooops! That snow bank is a little deeper than I thought!






Oh Canada! I Stand on Guard for Thee!







Hey, I AM CANADIAN. A little bit of snow doesn't bother me!





Back to work, well fun sort of work anyway!

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Offensive Autism Language - "Autie" and "Curebie"

In the new post Ransom Notes world of autism discussions it seems that freedom of speech, and truth telling, must give way to the sensitivities of various persons and organizations. That being the dynamic of this new autism world order then I would like to offer my list of terms that I find offensive. I ask that the sensitive souls who petitioned NYU into submission over the Ransom Notes campaign, and others, cease and desist their use of these offensive and demeaning terms. I will start my list with two that I find particularly offensive: "autie" and "curebie".

1. Autie - is an expression used by some persons with Aspergers, and some parents and professionals who have surrendered to the ideology of the anti-cure movement, to describe persons with autism. I have a son who is diagnosed with Autism Disorder with profound developmental delays. The use of the term trivializes the very serious challenges he faces now and for the rest of his life. It is demeaning and stereotypical. Autism Disorder is a serious neurological disorder and can involve serious and dangerous intellectual, communication and behavior deficits. Please do not use the term "autie" to describe my son or other persons with Autism Disorder.

2. Curebie - is a derogatory term which is intended to be derogatory. It is a term coined by some anti-cure high functioning persons with Aspergers, and those who support their ideology, and it is primarily directed at parents trying to help their children; parents trying to treat and cure their autistic children. It is also directed at organizations promoting research aimed at curing autism. Please cease and desist the use of this hateful, offensive term.

autism

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Autism, the Rotenberg Center and Rational Criticism

Much of the criticism of the Judge Rotenberg Educational Center use of aversives to help prevent serious self injurious behavior by persons with autism and other disorders amounts to little more than pompous, holier than thou, name calling by individuals or groups who offer no real alternative to the use of mild aversive therapy in such dangerous situations. Instead they simply proclaim that the JREC is evil, their methods are evil, and that therefore the JREC must be stopped. They offer no real solution to help prevent the dangerous and deadly behavior by persons whose parents seek the help of the JREC.

An editorial from the Boston Globe on Boston.com offers a much more balanced and reasonable criticism. It acknowledges the testimony of concerned parents who support the JREC, and the need for aversive therapy in some serious instances such as eye gouging, head banging and self mutilation but it critiques the error prone history of the JREC and stresses the need for more oversight of staff. From the Boston Globe we have received some calm, cool headed reflection. A rarity in discussion of autism issues and treatments.


"Israel says the center has implemented a slew of new supervisory and monitoring practices for its 38 group homes. But the overnight shift still lacks direct supervision by a registered nurse or other licensed medical professional. That doesn't inspire confidence.

The decision to apply aversive techniques rests in the hands of parents and a probate court judge who vets each case with medical experts. The question isn't so much whether skin shocks are an acceptable form of treatment, but whether the Rotenberg Center is the right place to do it.

autism

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Merry Christmas!!!

Well we made it this far...we are in the home stretch!!! The above picture is of my youngest daughter flying into the arms of my sister who drove all the way from Toronto (about 1600 miles with her husband and 2 dogs) to surprise the girls!!! I thought it was a really cool shot.

We always do an adult celebration on Christmas Eve which usually turns into a wrapping party but this year we were smart and wrapped everything earlier in the day so we could just hang out and enjoy each other and share some really good food!

The food was mainly bought at a gourmet market that opened just this year called The Sandy Butler. Really incredible cheeses and great parma ham!This is a huge plateful of Fresh Florida Shrimp steamed in Old Bay seasoning!

For breakfast this morning I made Baked Apple French Toast. This turned out to be incredible and the best part was that it was made last night and popped into the oven and baked while we all opened presents! I had made a similar dish to this a couple of years ago and it was terrible but this one was excellent!
Hope your holiday is as wonderful as ours is proving to be! Off to Starbuck's...they need the tips on Christmas Day too!!!

Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays to all!

As Always...

Happy Entertaining!!!

Judy
www.nofearentertaining.com

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Autism and Rotenberg's Unanswered Questions

In Parents Defend School’s Use of Shock Therapy the New York Times has revisited the Judge Rotenberg Education Center's use of aversive therapies, particularly the "shock" therapy, a mild two second bee sting style of shock, used in treating children with severe aggressive, self injurious even self mutilating behavior arising from autism and other disorders. Many scientists, therapists, politicians, bureaucrats and internet bloggers have condemned the Rotenberg center's use of aversives. But The New York Times goes beyond the Mother Jones breathless expose approach to these issues and presents the perspective of Susan Handon and other parents whose children have benefited from aversive therapy and who have even obtained a court order so they could continue to send their children to the Rotenberg Center for treatment.

Why are parents fighting to keep their children in a center which subjects them to a form of shock treatment? The NYT describes some of the reasons children are being treated at the JREC:

"Rotenberg is full of children who will run up and hit strangers in the face, or worse. Many have severe types of dysfunction, including self-mutilation, head banging, eye gouging and biting, that can result from autism or mental retardation. Parents tend to be referred there by desperate education officials, after other institutions have decided they cannot keep the child."

The Rotenberg's effective use of aversive therapy in addressing such serious issues poses a challenge to the world to provide an effective alternative treatment. The parents who send their children there can not be easily dismissed as Ms Handon has shown. Insults and political correctness will not address these issues.

If an effective aversive treatment is going to be taken out of the hands of the Judge Rotenberg Education Center what will replace it? Ineffective drugs, physical restraints? Purely positive interventions even if ineffective? If the political correctness crusaders prevail will they accept responsibility for children with autism and other disorders who then go on to engage in self mutilating behavior and aggression to others?

autism

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Μυστική Γέννηση

τέλη 1500 μΧ. Sandro Botticelli

Σήμερα βρίσκεται στην Εθνική Πινακοθήκη του Λονδίνου.

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